1.

Introduction

1

2.

Matters of Historical Relevance

Is Arrian  Reliable? The Three Peace Offers from Darius . Dating Issues Including the Fall of Tyre and Arbela. The Appointment of the King of Sidon . Did Alexander Visit Upper Egypt? The Location of the Battle of Arbela or Gaugamela. The Burning of Persepolis. Did Darius Agree To Surrender in July 330BC? Alexander�s Route.

6

3.

Book 4: 25^th September 333BC 13^th October 332BC

The Battle of Issus; An Interview with the Queens; The Treasures at Damascus; The First Letter from Darius; A New King for Sidon ; The Siege of Tyre.

37

4.

Book 5: 14th October 332BC 1st October 331BC

Second Peace Offer from Darius; The Siege of Gaza; Occupation of Egypt ; Expedition to Siwa; Foundation of Alexandria; The March back to Byblos; The Preparations of Darius; Alexander's Advance into Mesopotamia; Crossing the Tigris; Death of Stateira ; Third Peace Offer from Darius; The Battle of Arbela.

77

5.

Book 6: October 2nd 331BC July 330BC

The Escape of Darius  and the Capture of Treasure at Arbela; Mennis and the Cave of Naphtha; The Occupation of Babylon ; the Seizure of Susa; The Capture of the Susian Gates ; Meeting with the Mutilated Greeks; The Burning of Persepolis; The Pursuit of Darius and his Murder by Bessus.

125

6.

Organisation And Sources

168

7.

Bibliography

202

8.

Acknowledgements

210

9.

Index

211

Figure 2.1. The site of the Battle of Arbela/Gaugamela

Figure 4.5. Alexander and Hephaistion visit the Persian Royal Family (Charles Le Brun)

Figure 5.8. Alexander directs an assault upon Tyre (Antonio Tempesta, 1608)

Introduction

Alexander the Great and the Defeat and Death of Darius

The fifth and sixth books of Andrew Chugg's Reconstruction of Cleitarchus were published on Amazon Kindle in February 2013. They cover the period from the siege of Gaza to the death of Darius, including Alexander�s visit to the Oracle of Ammon at the Siwa oasis, his triumphant victory at Gaugamela and the razing of the palace at Persepolis. The Amazon Kindle page is located here:
 
http://www.amazon.com/dp/B00BGVJCCY
 
The download price is a minimal $3 and a preview is available from the Amazon page (click on "Look Inside"). Please note that you do not need a Kindle viewer, since Amazon provides a FREE software reader for your PC that can be downloaded from here:

http://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/help/customer/display.html/ref=hp_bc_nav?ie=UTF8&nodeId=200488000
 

1.

Introduction

 
2.

 
Book Five: 14th October 332BC  1st October 331BC

Second Peace Offer from Darius; The Siege of Gaza; Occupation of Egypt; Expedition to Siwa; Foundation of Alexandria; The March back to Byblos; The Preparations of Darius; Alexander's Advance into Mesopotamia; Crossing the Tigris; Death of Stateira; Third Peace Offer from Darius; The Battle of Arbela.
 

 
3.

 
Book Six: October 2nd 331BC July 330BC

The Escape of Darius and the Capture of Treasure at Arbela; Mennis and the Cave of Naphtha; The Occupation of Babylon; the Seizure of Susa; The Capture of the Susian Gates; Meeting with the Mutilated Greeks; The Burning of Persepolis; The Pursuit of Darius and his Murder by Bessus
 

Fig. 5.3 Alexander is greeted as the Son of Zeus by the eldest priest at Siwa (1696)

Figure 6.10. Alexander cloaks the corpse of Darius
(Antonio Tempesta, 1608)

Introduction

 
Alexander the Great in Afghanistan: A Reconstruction of Cleitarchus
 
The most influential account of the career of Alexander the Great was penned by Cleitarchus in the decades after Alexander's death. Most of the surviving ancient texts on Alexander were based upon his work, but every copy of the original was destroyed in antiquity. Now the entire book is being revived in an exciting reconstruction based upon an in-depth analysis of the surviving ancient works that it inspired. This volume presents the section dealing with Alexander's campaigns in Afghanistan. It became a blood-soaked slog against unrelenting opponents who adopted the same guerrilla resistance as is seen there today. Alexander was also beset by internal dissension with treason and plot within his own camp. How he coped with these dual challenges, through ruthless force in combination with conciliatory gestures, still offers useful lessons in strategy. Alexander was uniquely successful in establishing the region�s rule by Greek kings for the next few centuries. A date for Alexander's accession is also proposed.

1.

Introduction

1

 
2.

 
The Reconstruction Of Books Seven To Nine

Introduction; Alexander's Emulation of Cyrus and the Persianising; Geographical Errors; The Visit of the Queen of the Amazons; Prophthasia; The Culpability of Philotas and Parmenion; The Condemnation of the Branchidae; The Killing of Cleitus; The Culpability and Fates of Callisthenes and the Pages; The Marriage to Roxane; Fragments of Cleitarchus from Books Seven to Nine

 
5

 
3.

 
Book 7: July 330BC June 329BC

The Advance to Hecatompylus; Description of Hyrcania and the Caspian Sea; Surrender of Artabazus & the Greek Mercenaries; Theft of Bucephalus; Surrender of Nabarzanes; Visit of the Amazon Queen; Adoption of Persian Dress; Revolt of Satibarzanes; The Philotas Affair; Assassination of Parmenion; The Euergetae; First Crossing of the Paropamisus Range

 
39

 
4.

 
Book 8: July 329BC Autumn 328BC

Alexander's Advance to the River Oxus; Bessus Betrayed to Alexander; The Fate of the Branchidae; Alexander Wounded near Maracanda; The Revolt of Spitamenes; Alexander's Advance to the River Tanais; Annihilation of a Macedonian Column by Spitamenes and Alexander's Counterattacks; Capture of the Rock of Ariamazes

 
87

 
5.

 
Book 9: Autumn 328BC May 327BC

The Hunt in Basista; The Killing of Cleitus; The Treaty with Sisimithres; The Decapitation of Spitamenes; The Proskynesis Experiment; The Conspiracy of the Pages; The Army Caught in a Blizzard; The Marriage to Roxane

117

6.

Alexander's Route Through Afghanistan

144

7.

Organisation And Sources

149

8.

An Update On The Organisation And Structure Of Cleitarchus And The Date Of Accession Of Alexander the Great

157

9.

Bibliography

186

10.

Acknowledgements

193

Index

194

Figure 2.1. Persian Dress (sketch by the author)

Figure 9.3. Alexander consoled by the philosophers after killing Cleitus

Introduction

Alexander the Great in India: A Reconstruction of Cleitarchus

The most influential account of the career of Alexander the Great was penned by Cleitarchus the son of Deinon, a Greek writing in Alexandria in the decades after Alexander's death. Most of the surviving ancient texts on Alexander were more or less based upon his work, but every single copy of the original was discarded or destroyed in antiquity. To what extent might it be possible to reconstruct it from the secondary writings? This book argues that a considerable degree of reconstruction is feasible and demonstrates the point by presenting a full reconstruction of Cleitarchus� version of Alexander's campaigns in India, the first time that this has been done.

1

Introduction

1

 
2

A Basis For The Reconstruction of Cleitarchus

3

3

Book 10: June 327BC June 326BC

64

The Invasion Of India, Nysa, Mazaga, Aornus And The Battle Against Porus

4

Book 11: July 326BC May 325BC

93

Eastwards Through India, The Mutiny On The Hyphasis And The River Voyage To The Siege Of The Oxydracae

5

Book 12: June 325BC June 324BC

121

Southern India And Its Ocean, The Kedrosian Desert And The Return to Persia (click here to view PDF)

6

Alexander's Route Through India

142

7

Organisation And Sources

144

8

Bibliography

176

9

Acknowledgements

181

Index

182

Figure 10.2. The assault on Aornus across the ravine (Antonio Tempesta, 1608)

Figure 10.3. The phalanx attacks at the Hydaspes (Andr� Castaigne, 1899)

Figure 11.3. Alexander�s lone defence within the Indian citadel (anonymous, 1696)

Introduction

The Death of Alexander the Great: A Reconstruction of Cleitarchus

The most influential account of the career of Alexander the Great was penned by Cleitarchus the son of Deinon, a Greek writing in Alexandria in the decades after Alexander's death. Most of the surviving ancient texts on Alexander were more or less based upon his work, but every single copy of the original was discarded or destroyed in antiquity. The question is: how far might it be possible to reconstruct it from the secondary writings? In response, this book presents an extensive reconstruction of Cleitarchus' account of the death of Alexander the Great in the stifling summer heat of Babylon in 323BC. It sweeps through a dramatic series of antecedent episodes culminating in the funeral of Hephaistion. Soon after it climaxes with Alexander's own expiry, then thunders on into the shock and chaos of the aftermath in a text studded with eulogistic orations and scintillating speeches. It is a must for any fascinated by the deep political undercurrents that streamed beneath a pivotal event in our history.

1.

Introduction

 
2.

 
The Reconstruction of Book 13 of Cleitarchus

Is Curtius mainly translating Cleitarchus? Poetical Devices in Cleitarchus; Fragments that Fit the Thirteenth Book; Babylon as the Metropolis; Re-Ordering Curtius on the Mutiny at Opis; The Palace Regiment of the Hypaspists and the Somatophylakes; The Large Lacuna in Curtius; Hephaistion's Pyre; Hephaistion the Demigod; The Cause of the Death of Alexander; How Did the Leading Men Split after Alexander's Death; Arrhidaeus the Fool; The First Division of the Satrapies; Last Plans; Antipater & Cassander as Regicides; The Itinerant Corpse
 

 
3.

 
Book 13: July 324BC July 323BC & Beyond

The Flight of Harpalus; The Exiles Decree; The Mutiny at Opis; Death of Hephaistion; The Cossaeans; Death in Babylon; Aftermath & Entombment
 

4.

Organisation And Sources

5.

Bibliography

6.

Acknowledgements

7.

Index

Figure 13.1. Alexander seizes the leading mutineers at Opis (Andr� Castaigne, 1899)

Figure 13.3. The death of Alexander (1696)